Calculating-machine.



L. W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPucATmN man mw 2s. 19H. nzrwfo MAR. 13.19u.

1 ,237,822, Patented Aug. 21, 1917. ff

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Lx W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY29.19|1. neuzwfn MAR, 13.19l1.

1,237,822. Patented Aug. 21, 1917. 4 SHEETS-SHIT 2.

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L. W. ROSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION man MAY 29. |91. niuiwzo MAR. 13.1sl1.

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W n 01mm L. W. RGSENTHAL.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

APPLICATION msn MAY 2s. 19u. www MAR. 13.1911.

1 ,237,822 Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

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Mul'riplicr a b First drgaf of auafimr v Fl Fund e rsf Remamdr Products f '7.- Second illto @wom t l: Second. Remainder l 4frf'l'flm'ddigirof uoh'en' Produ-ct d Vc/wwwa: B'Irhginder nuawloz AUrurED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.

p' Y 4I yEoNvv. nosENrHAL, or NEW YORK, N. Y.'

CALCULATING-MA CHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 21, 1917.

apbiieatimigniea iray'zs, 1911,4 serial No. 630,162. :remuer munis, 1917. serial Nc. 154.595,.V

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Idle known that LILnoN Rosi-miami., afcitizen of `thefl'lnited States,.and resident ofNo.. 240 Westl'th street, 'in the city, '5 county,ivand State of New ,Yorin have invexite'd vcertain nevvand useful Improvements inCalculatin -litllachinegI and I` do hereby declare the fo lovvingtobea fullclear, and exac'tvdes'criptioii 'ofthe invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which 'it appertains tomake and use the same'.

.The present invention relates to calculating machines and particularly to one adapted to mechanically perform multiplication, division,',addition and subtraction of any numbers, and `:for any Ysequence and value of the in any of Lthe numbers.

One objectis to providea calculating machine comprising a multiplying mechanism permanently Iconnected inproper denominational Arelation-'- to an adding mechanism, whereby multiplication and division may be performed .Without employing a Astep-by-step carriage to eiect indentation.

Another object is toprovide a multiplying machine wherein one factor is first set up and then the product obtained as the other factor is set up; `and wherein successivol products may be registered orl totalized, as desired.

Another object is to provide a dividing machine whereinl the dividend and divisor are first completely set upl and then the digits of the4 quotient determined one at a f time. l

Another `Objectis to provide an adding machine wherein .each .number is set up and then added tothetotal by a single operation; and 'wherein several numbers may be successively added in a corresponding number of operations.4 i

Another object to provide a subtracting machine whereinthe minuend and subtrabend arefirst set up, and then their diii'crence registered by a vsingle operation; and wherein several'numbers may be successively subtracted in a corresponding number of operations.

Another object is to provide a transfer mechanism adapted totransfer units to result indicators of next higher denominations, and to be set for successive transfers before a unit is carried, whereby the transfer operation may be completed in a rapid manner.

Another object is to provide means for locking the actuators and the registering devices during limited periods of operation'of the machine, whereby overthrow of the ref sult indicators isprevente Q n Other desirable objects in construction and operation will be made apparent in the following description and will be-specifi; v

call pointed o utin the appended claims.

Vlt u tiplication. may Abe `performed 4by .twol general methods; towit, b adding in proper denominational relation the products f the separate multiplicand and 'multiplierfdigita or by adding 1n Iproper denominational reV lation the multiplicand factor afnumber of times equal to the unitsvin cach digit'of the multiplier. Both methods require that the partial results be added in propel' denomina-f tional relation. This'may be accomplished by employing a step-bys`tep carriag'e to properly effect .indentation of the successive results, orby providino separate means for registering each parta result .in its proper denominational frelation, ,vr/hereby :the stepby-step carriage may be dispensed with.

Both of the above methods'of performing multiplication have Abeen 4used heretofore but, so fares I am aware, all prior Amachines use one method or the other in such manner that a stepby-step carriage must ,be employed to effect indentation. The ,rcsulting intermittent action interferes with the speed ofopcrationand gives risc to a variety of dissimilar' movements, wherebyexactness in constructionof the machine-is essential on account of disengagement and subsequent cngagement of parts. Furthermore, in orderto avoid complicated construction, ractically all commercial multiplying mac ines require rthat one factor be set up intermittcntly digit yby digit, so that the operation is comparatively slow and tedious besides requiring a certain amount of skill and diligence.

Considered in its broad'aspect, my invention embodies a non-indenting adding mechanism of any suitable form, that is an addingr mechanism which is not shifted in denomination step-by-step to effect indentation of the partial results. My invention also embodies a plurality of non-indenting registering devices and actuating means therefor, of any suitable form, in v :o'mbination with Vmeans for relatively positioning the registering devices and actuating means in accordance with thedigits of the multi `plicand factor. thereby constituting a multiplying mechanism, And furthermore, my

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invention embodies means for selecting a series of indicators of the adding mechanism in accordance with the denomination of each digit of the multiplier factor, and mechanism for actuating the registering devices to 'advance-each series .of indicators in accordance with the product of the multiplicand factor h'ndithe multiplier digit corresponding to that series. In this way, the partial results i are registered by the multiplying mechanism in proper denominational relation on the adding mechanism and added thereon to indicate the complete product of the 'multiplicaud and multiplier factors at the end of ,the operation without employing a st ep'l)yste vcarriage 'to effect indentation of denomina 'ion 'o'f the partial results. The

i' factdi's may have one o r,more digits up to the number `provided for, and the digits may liaiie any valu'e ,and any sequence. The broad claims of this application are intended tti verthe ,broad aspect of the invention lieteinbefore set forth, while the specific clainils ane -diretted to fthe 4specific embodilslup'i'fn and described wherein in multirli'caticziri the multiplicand factor is successfi'vel ladded in proper denominational relation on the adding mechanism a number oftim'eseqlial to'l the number of units of each digit V offth'ev multiplier factor. In my copen'ding lap Imation, SeijiallNo. 621,874, filed pril `,1 8",9\'1 1,the specic claims are directefdto'the s `Ycfifieiei'iibodiment shown and described therein,`in which all products of theelmntiry digits V0 to 9 are represented byjactuating means embodied in the multip'lying mechanism, .and in which the separate' di'gts, of the products of the separate milltipli'cand and multiplier digits are added in proper denominational relation on the a'dd'lig mechanism to give the complete pi'o,l iict4 inl multiplication.

` The rnachine herein disclosed as an embodimentrvvithin my invention operates according to a novel modification of the ordinary process of multiplication, which so far as I am aware, has never before been used in machines wherein the product vor quotient is obtained mechanically, exceptin my copen'ding application Serial No. 621,874, filed AprillS, 1911, and which has not been used in computing apparatus of any kind except in my co-p'ending application Serial No. 460,872, filed November 3, 1908. Briefly stated, in multiplication, this method involves setting up one factor to be multiplied as manyitimes'as there are digits in the other factor to be multiplied, multiplying each digitset up' by eaclrdigit of the other factor, rand adding all the separate products in proper denominational relation. I n division this method involves setting up the dividend on an adding mechanism, setting up the divisor in proper denominational relation to the dividend as many times as the number of digits desired in the quotient, and then successively l-substraeting each divisor set up as may times as there are units in the respective tdigits of the quotient. The method is illustrated in Fig. 15 for the multiplication of .any two factors such as 3769 and 876, giving a product of 3,301,644; and in Fig. 16 for the division of any two numbers such as 3,301,644 and 3769, giving a quotient of 876 without any remainder. In Fig.15 the digits 3, 7, 6 and 9, are ef'ach shown in three columns, since there are three digits in' the multiplier, so that each column contains the multiplicand factor 3769. VNew by adding in proper denominational relation all the separate products of the separate digits of each column and one of the digits, 8, 7, or 6, the product 3,301,644 is obtained, `as shown. In Fig. 16'tlie divisor 3769 is shown in three columns since three digits are required in the quotient. Now by successively substracting each column in roper denominational relation from Ithe dividend 3,301,644 as many `times as there are units in the respective digits of the quotient, 8, 7, and 6, the remainder is found to be O, as shown, Whereby it is known that 3,301,644 is divided by 3769 exactly 876 times.

In multiplication the multiplicand digits may be arranged in columnsfrom top to bottom to form the multiplicarid factor, as shoivn, or in rows from ysidie to side, in which case the multiplier digits would be placed at one side instead of atthe bottom.

The multiplicand digits may be placed in 1` any order in either of these arrangements, either similarly or dissiinilarly, the only essential condition being'th'at each column or a row includes all the multiplieand digits.

Also the multiplier digits may be arranged l in any order, the only essential condition bcing that all the digits of the multiplier factor be shown. Furthermore the digits of each column or a row may be multiplied collectively, in groups or successively, provided that all theseparate products are obtained; and the columns or rows may be operated on collectively, in groups or successively according to any order whatsoever. The onlyr essential conditions of theentire combination and the method of Ao )eration are that each multiplicand digit be multiplied once and only once by each ydigit of the multiplier, and that the separate products be added in proper denominational relation. The essential conditions of the combination and' method `of operation in division will be new obvious froinFig. 16. By this method multiplication may be mechanically performed either by duplicating 4a v)roper number of times the separate means or representing all the elementary multiples of the digits 0 to 9. and by providing further means for adding in proper denominational relation those mull tiples which are predetermined in accordance with the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together, as specifically shown in my co-pending application Serial No. 621,874 above noted; or by duplicating a proper number of times the separate means for multiplying all the digits of one factor to be multiplied by each digit of the other factor to be multiplied, and by providingr further means for adding all theiseparate products in proper denominational relation., as specifically shown herein. A machine operating on either one of these principles may be readily adapted to perform division by the method above noted. Addition and subtraction may also be mechanically performed by a machine operating in accordance with this method since addition may be regarded as Afinding the sum of the products of each number and 1, while subtraction may be regarded as takin the difference of the minuend and the product of the subtrahend and 1.

A machine may be built in accordance with this invention for any number of digits in any of the numbers to be operated upon. and a. machine so constructed will perform equally well the operations on any numbers having a number of digits less thanits particular capacity. The machine herein shown has a capacity in multiplication of four digits in the multiplicand and three digits in the multiplier, whereby the limiting factors are 9,999 and 999.

` In the machine herein shown, as an example of the method embodied in this invention, each actuator is rotatable and has disposed circumferentially on its outer periph-- ery a series of progressively stepped teeth arranged parallel to each other and 'to the axis of the actuator, a blank space between the ends of the series of teeth for the purpose of transferring units to the result indicators of next higher denominations, and stops for preventing overthrow7 of theregistering devices. The` series of teeth consists of a blank space representing O, and nine teeth representing in length the nine digits 1 to 9` as is Well known. There are twelve of such actuators arranged inv three groups wherein each group comprises four actuators side by side and adapted to be rotated in opposite directions through like extents. Those actuators which effect actuation of the same result indicators are arranged in the saine line, and the respective registering devices are mounted on the same shaft. The actuators which control the same result indicators are rotated successively, While those actuators of the same group are operated simultaneously.

Upon setting up each multiplicand digit in the machine herein shown, re istering devices equal in number to the num er of digits in the limiting multiplier are collectivelv moved axially of the actuators until each is adapted to engage a number of teeth in one rotation of its res ectivc actuator equal to the digit set up. fence, by setting up all the digits of the multiplie-and in this way, the factor is set up a number of times equal to the number of digits in the limiting multi plier, so that it is then only necessary to rotate each group of actuators, on which the complete multiplicand is set up, through a number of rotations equal to the units in the respective multiplier digit. By using all the multiplier digits in this way, each multiplicand digit is multiplied by each multiplier digit, and upon adding the products of the separate digits in proper denominational relation on the adding mechanism, the product of the multiplicand and multiplier is registered.

The separate groups of actuators are operated successively in accordance with the respective multiplier digits, whereby the number of successive operations equals the number of digits in the multiplier factor. By providing a blank space on each actuator and then properly disposing the registering devices and the transfer mechanism relatively to the actuator teeth, the units are transferred to the result indicators of next higher denominations at times when the partial products are not registered. Transfer mechanism having delayed action is used and means are provided for setting the transfer mechanism for successive transfers from the indicator of lowest denomination to the one of highest denomination before a unit is transferred, and then all the units aro transferred simultaneously. Each result indicator has two lines of digits consecutively arranged in opposite directions, so that the digits progressively increase when the lino for multiplication and addition is exposed to view while the digits progressively decrease when the line for division and subtraction is ex osed to view.

leans are provided for clearing the multiplier and result indicators, but the register'- ing devices are retained in the position to which they were previously set. Means are also provided for retaining the result indicators in the position to which they were actuated, while the multiplier indicators are cleared, so that addition and subtraction may be conveniently performed and so that a series of products may bc totalized. Overthrow of the result indicators is prevented by stopping and locking the actuators and the registering devices after each digital actuation.

In the accompanying drawings showing, as an example, an embodiment of my invention.Y Figure 1 is a top view of the machine. with some of the mechanism shown in dotted lines. illustrating the manner of indicating the factors and the product after a problem .in multiplication has been completed; Fig. 2 is a vertical elevation on section line 2 2 of Fig. 3; Fig. A3 is a plan view of the machine with the cover removed; Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation, partly broken away, on section line 4.-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is an enlarged vertical elevation on section line 5s-5 of Fig. `3, showing a part of the transfer mechanism; Fig. 6 is a plan view of Fig. 5, with some of the parts omitted; Fig. 7 is a vertical elevation on section line 77 of Fig. 5; Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a part of the transfer mechanism; Fig. 9 is a perspective view of a carriage for setting 'upthe registering devices; Fig. l0 is an-enlarged view of a part of an operating member; Fi 11 shows a mutilated gear and a part o the member for clearing the multiplier indicators; Fig. 12 is an enlarged perspective view of the'actuating registering and transfer mechanism; Fig. 13 illustrates the manner of operatin the actuators; Figlil is a development of an actuator; Fig. 15 is an example illustrating the herein disclosed method of multiplication upon which the machine is based; and Fig. 16 is an example illustrating the herein disclosed method of division, upon which the machine is based.

The mechanism is inclosedrin a suitable box A having a cover A1 provided with apertures tolex'pose to view the numbers set up and the result, and openings for the actuating devices which connect with the mechanism inside, for the purposes hereinafter described.

The multiplying mechanism comprises the means by which the registering devices are actuated in accordance with the products of the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied, while the adding mechanism comprises the result indicators for` adding the partial products, and the transfer mecha nism for transferring units to the indicators of next higher denominations. The two mechanisms are permanently connected together inproper denominational relation by transmitting connections. In the machine herein shown the multiplying mechanism comprises the actuators, the registering devices actuated thereby after being set up in accordance with the digits of one factor to be multiplied, and the operating members for operating the actuators in accordance with the 4di 'ts of the other factor to be multiplied, while each transmitting connectio-n consists of a shaft on which the registering devices and the result indicators of like denomination are mounted. y

The number of actuators B in the machine herein shown is equal to the product of the number of digits in the limiting multiplicand and mutliplier factors, or twelve as given b' the product of 4 and 3. The actuators llave the form of cylinders and are arranged in one plane in three gil-oups or rows, each group containing four actuators. rfhe groups are Jindented or offset in such a Lacasse manner that the actuators of the several groups which directly actuate the same result indicator are in the same line in Fig. 3, corresponding to the columns of Figs. 15 and 16, as noted by the letters a., b, c, etc.; whereby the actuators and the registering devices are arranged in proper denominational relation with the result indicators.

In accordance With the method of calculation herein disclosed, the actuators may have various other forms; they may be curved or flat or may have a plurality o-f faces such as a prism or a pyramid, or they may comprise a support of any other suitable form such as a belt, endless chain or a plane surface. Furthermore the actuators may have various other relative arrangements; they may just as well beindented in a direction the reverse of that shown herein, or they may be arranged in a single transverse or longitudinal line or in several lines either parallel or otherwise, either lin the same or different planes. y Also the actuators in the machine herein shown may be arranged in four groups of three 1` actuators, whereupon the number of operating members Would be four instead of three. Furthermore, since a ynumber of. actuators equal to the number of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine is operated through a like extent, as willappear later, it is obvious that the actuators may be combined so that the number thereof mayr be equal to the number of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine, Which, in

the machine herein shown, may be three or four, as desired.

Each actuator is provided with a series of progressively stepped teeth B1 representing in length the digits 1 to 9, Whereinzero 1s represented by a space off the actuator, as shown best in Fig. 14. The teeth are arranged only partly around the drum in order to provide a blank space B* between the beginning and end of the series wherein the transfer is made at a time when the registering devices are not being directly actuated, aS will be noted later.

The series of teeth may be arranged in various other Ways. For instance, any number of such series may be arranged on each actuator, like the multiplier drum disclosed in my co-pending application Serial No. 608,622, filed February 14, 1911; o-r the teeth forming a series may be distributed on 'i several actuators in any arrangement desired, so that the number of actuators may be variously modified. Furthermore, the teeth may be fixed or projectable and retractable on any suitable ,support in any regular or lrregular order either vaxially of the actuators or at any angle thereto. Also each actuator may comprise a plurality of relatively movable supports bearing teeth, wherein any one support may be projected lll() nominational relation in accordance with' the products of the separate digits of thefactors to be multiplied together.

The actuators B are mounted on shafts.

B2,'and each actuator is adapted to berotated simultaneously with the others of the same group, and through the same extent, by means of the engaging gears Bs fastened to the actuators. Ad]acent actuators of the same group are thereby rotated in opposite directions, while those of the v,different groups in the same line are rotated in the same direction. One actuator of each group is secured to its shaft so that when the shaft is turned by the corresponding operating handle, as Will be noted later, the entire group of actuators is turned. -The actuators marked b, g, and m in Fig. 3 are each fastened to their respective shafts B2.

The registering mechanismV comprises the handles C, the carriages C1, the registering devices C2, and the transmitting connections C3. The multiplicand digits may be set up either collectively, in groups, or successively iii any order desired, by moving the handles C along the slots A2 in thecover until the proper digits of the multiplicand indicators C* are exposed to view through the apertures A3 in proper sequence to form the multiplicand factor. The scalloped edge C of each carriage is engaged by finger spring C to force the exact setting of the corresponding registering devices in all cases. By these means three registering devices mounted in each carriage are simultaneouslyV moved through like extents axially of the three respective actuators in the three groups, so that during one rotation of those actuators each of the registering devices is turned through a number of teeth equal to the digit setup. In this Way the digital actuation, corresponding to the passage of one series of teeth on the actuator, of a number of registering devices equal to the number of digits in the limiting multiplier of the machine is redetermined in accordance with each digit of the multiplicand to be multiplied, whereby the total number of registering devices equals the product of the number o digits in the limiting factors of the machine. Each registering device C2 is slidably mounted on a square shaft C, which is properly journaled in bearings and forms the transmitting connection to a result indicator. The registering devices in the same line have the same denomination and are mounted on the same shaft C3. any one being adapted to turn the shaft in accordance with its actuation by the respective actuator.

Each registering device carries a scalloped disk C7 with ten cut out portions adapted to engage the coacting projections B, which extend from the end teeth of each line on the actuator to the blank space B, thereby stopping the rotation of the registering device in either direction as soon as its digital actuation is completed. In this way, overthrow of the registering devices is prevented without interfering with their direct actuation by the actuators and Without interfering with the transfer operationof the trans fer mechanism, as will be noted later. If the multiplicand factor contains a number of digits less than the capacity of the machine, then one or more of the carriages C1 `.vill not be moved, so that the registering devices mounted therein will not be subsequently actuated. Hence the machine is adapted to multiply any multiplicand having a number of digits equal to or less than the number of digits in the limiting multiplicand of the machine.

Various other methods of predetermining the subsequent digital actuation of the registering devices may be used. For example, the actuators may be moved, or teeth on the` actuators may be projected or retracted, or single series of teeth may be moved into the path of the registering devices, as is well known in the art. Furthermore, the number of registering devices in each carriage and the total number thereof may be variously modified, but where the registering devices are permanently cona nected to result indicators and Where all those on which the product of the same two digits are Wholly or in part registered are considered to form a registering device then the number moved to set up each multiplicand digit equals the number of digits in the limiting multiplier, and the total number e uals the product of the number of digits in t ie tivo limiting factors of the ma chine. Also Where all the registering devices set up for each multiplicand digit are mounted in a single carriage so as to be collectively moved thereby, then the number of carriages equals the number of digits in one of the limiting factors and the number of registering devices in each carriage equals the number of di its in the other limiting factor of the mac ine.

The number of rotations through which each group of actuators is tuined is controlled by an operating member comprising an operating handle D, a multiplier indicator D1, a train of multiplying gearing conneeting the shaft D2 with the eorrespondino shaft B2 to which one actuator mounte thereon is securely fastened` and the engaging gears B3 fastened to the actuators, so that all the actuators of the same group are rotated simultaneously b v one operating handle and through like extents. A serrated rate digits of ldevice oflthat group is wheel, Da is tightly mounted on each shaft 1|)2`and a spring D* engages the serrated wheel so as toV force the exact setting of the operating handlel Each train of multiplying gearing comprises an intermittent gear Dfan'd the ear D? engaging therewith, together with he engaging gears D1 and B, the combination forming an ordinary ten to one train of multiplying gearing, so that one complete rotationL of the operating handle produces,y ten comglete rotations of the corresponding shaft 2 and of the, corresponding grou l of of a rotation o 'the o erating handle, correspondingto the an `e between consecutive di its on the multip ier indicators D1,which appear through` the v Q one coniV lete rotation of tlie corresponding group oV actuators. Asa result of the/blank s'paceinthe intermittent gears, any back lashlin the' multiplying traintis compensa-ted for.'A Each multiplier indicator Dl is fastened on a'sliaft D2 so as to be drilventhereby). andl comprises a line ofv digitsconsecu tively yarranged so as to progressively'increase asithe operating handle isturned in a clockwise direction by the operator. The operating handles'l) are turned in a clockwise direction for all the arithmetical processes. A cam disk D7 securely mounted on shfaftlDifis adapted to lockthelcorrespondin groupa of actuators, by means ofthe coaoingcani D carried on the shaft. Bf, duringfthe period of operation ofthe operating member thatthe intermittent gear D5 comes out ofvan engagement with the gear D, and whlenthe registering devices C2 come' into the'blanlc spaces, of respective actuators. ln this .way,ftli`e actuator is stopped afterl each complete rotation so that overthrow of the actuators is prevented.

From the above it isobvious` that each registerin device Willbe turned 4through a numbero 4,teeth equalto the multiplicand di "t set up tlierebyduring each rotation of the respective actuator; and by rotating each group of actuators in accordance with a multiplier digit, means areprovided foreffecting actuation of the registering devices in accordancewith theJ p loducts ofthe sepai i I the factors to Abe ni'ultipliedto.-

getlier. .'Tyhe group Vof actuators nearest the,

result indicators is'controlled by theoperating Ihandle on, the extreme right,a nd a number' of teeth through which each registering turned is given tby the. product o f the` separate inultiplicand digits'sset up thereby` and the multiplier its oflowest denomination.v vEach registering device of they othergroup is` simi- Vlarly,actuated through a number of teeth determined by the separate multiplicand digits and one o f the other multiplier digits, so4

that t emultiplicand factor setup is multipliedas the digitsof the multiplier a're beactuators; or one-tenth apertures A, produces ing set up, and the complete product of the factors exposed to, vi'ew is insi ht at all times on the result indicators. I 'the multiplier contains a number of digits less than the number of digits in the limiting multiplier of the machine, then one or mor `e"`of the operating handles is not operated, and the corresponding actuators do not actuate the registering devices which may be set up thereon. In this Way, anyv multiplier having a number of digits equal to or less than the number'of digits in the limitingi multiplier ofthe machine may be multiplied'. i

The operating members herein disclosed may obviously bc modified in many particulars. For example, the actuators may be turned through one or through any other number ofl rotations by one complete rotation of the operating handle7 whereby the train of mulitplying gears could be climinated or variously modified. The actuators couldbe operated successively, or in various groups, or all' at the saine time, and they could lhe given the same direction of rotation. Furthermore, actuation of the registering devices could be effected by operating them and maintaining the actuators fixed in position during the operation, or both could bc moved to bring about this result. Ailso the registering devices and the transmitting connections'could be eliminated 'entirely or in part bypactuating all'or sonic of the` r'esult indicators directly from all or some of they actuators. condition .is that the result indicators should be actuated in proper denominational relation in accordance With the products of 'the separate digits of two factors to be multiplied together.

The adding mechanism comprises the rcsulrt indicators permanently connected to the registering devices in proper denominational relation by the transmitting connections, and the transfer mechanism for transferring units to the result indicators of 'thc next high-er denominations. The minimum number of 4result indicators required is equaly to or is one less than the sum of thcnumbei' of digits in the limiting factors of 'the machine, but in order to totalize successive products and to increase the capacity of the machine forthe othcrcalculations, an additional result indicator isprovided,' giving a total of eight of them. The result indicators of'tivo highest denominations are not connected to registering' devices, but are operated by the transfer mechanism. Each result indicator E is fastened on a'shaft C so as to be rotated thereby, and is provided with two lines of digits consecutively arranged in reverse directions to each other and in reverse directions to the corresponding lines of digits of adjacent. result indicators, whereby all the digits ofthe line El appearing through the apertures A* progiessively increase during multiplication and addition," while the other lino E2 oi digits progressively decrease during division and subtraction. The two lines of digits on the result indicators are so arranged that tlicfsum of any two opposile digits cq'uaLfninel The slide E1 has two offset lines ofapertures E* and E, hereby with thepointerEG attached to the slide E3 pointing ,to M `and A, designating multiplication and addition, as shownzin Fig. l, the

digits of line ,E1 on the result 'indicators are exposed to viewV through the apertures E* and A* while the apertures E5 are lcovered by the cover A1 ofnthemachine; and whereby :with the pointer E ypointing to D and S, designating division and subtraction, the digits of line Ezon the'rcsult indicatorsl are eiiposed to View V'throughapertures E5 and A4, Awhile the apertures E* of the slide are then covered b' the cover A1. The result indicator of hig lest denomination-at the extreme left mounted on ashaft C3 together wit, la cam E" adapted to' move one end E ofa pivoted elbow lever when the resultin'dicator is assing' from 9 to O in multiplication orfa dition and from 0 to 9 in division or subtraction and thereby indicato4 by atap'of the Vhammer E9 `on the bell E1" when a unit has ,been carried to thc indicator in division 'and when .the limit of' indication of the machine has been 'passed in totalizingr successive products in n'iultiplication or successive "sums in additions. l(See Fig. 2). Any yother suitable form of result indicators and any other suitable method of opvratively connecting them to the registering devices may be used.

The transfer mechanism herein shown is adaptedto transfer units toresult indicators of' next higher denominations after each digital actuationof the registering devices; to 4be set -for transferringa unit while an)7 result indicator is assing from 9 to 0 in multiplication or a dition and from 0 to 9 in division or subtraction; to provide for successive transfers from the lowest to the highest denomination, when the result indicators to which units are to be transferred are at 9 in multiplication or addition and at O in division or subtraction, whereby all the transfers may be made at the same time; and finally to reset all the transfer mechanism for subse uent operations after the transfer is completed'. The construction b v which the transfermechanism is adapted for successive transfers during a single movement of the transfer bar, is especially desirable in View of the rapidity with which the entire operation should be performed. The transfer mechanism is mounted on a central bar F, which is stationary, and on two outside bars F1 and F2 which move in opposite directions as a result ofthe pivotal connections at F. A cam F4 with a nose projection F11 is securely mounted on each shaft C, except the one of highestdenomination, so as to engage a cam projection F on the respective lever F T, pivoted `on the stationary bar at F, when the col'responding result indicator is passing from 9 to 0 in multiplication or addition in the direction of the arrows in Fig. 5 and from O to 9 in the opposite direction for divisionlor subtraction. In this way, the cam projection F1 is pressed down and the otherl end F1o is raised and thereby liftslthe bent por'- tion F11 of the lever F12, pivoted at F13 on the outside bar F2, so that theteeth F1fare elevated into line lwith the ten-tooth gear F15 mounted in linetherewitlronthe shaft C11 of next higher denomination. (See F ig. l2.) This -lever F12 is then held inV 'thehctul ating position by the lower part of spring F16. If the indicator to which a unitMifs to be transferred should tlien -st op at or .pass 9 in multiplication or addition and vOlin division or subtraction, the ,projection F11'of lever F15, 'which is pivoted 4at F111 o'nthe saine side bar, would be forced upb'yl the spring F2o into the cut outportion'Fz` of thc disk F12, which is. also securely mounted on the shaft C3 except inthe case of highest denomination. However, in itsI upward movement, the end F 23' would lift the bent portion F11 of theflever F12 of next higher denomination, which is pivoted on 'the other side bar F1 so as to move in the ol posite direction upon the subsequent transfier operation and thereby actuate 'the corresponding gear F15 in theopposite direction, corresponding to the same progression of digitsv on that result indicator as the progression effected o'n the others. 4If tliatvresultfindicator should pass 9 in multiplication or'O in division. then the projection F11 :would ride out of the cut out portion F21 but thelever F12 would remain in its actuating position and would not be disturbed by the subsequent movement of lever F 111. However, if this result indicator should not stop at or pass 9 in multiplication or O in division, the

lever F12 of next higher denomination would not be set for successive transfers, and if the lever F12 of next lower denomination was not set to transfer a unit 'then the nose F17 would be pre-vented from rising when the corresponding cutout portion 'of disk F22 stopped at or passed the position corresponding to 9 in lmultiplication or 0 in division by reason of the fact that projection F24 would be locked by F25 (Fig. 8) until the corresponding lever F12 waselevated. Since the transfer mech? anism must be set for successive transfers when the result indicator to which a unit is to be transferred is at 9 in multiplication or addition and atO in division or subtraction, 9 and 0 of the lines of digits on're'sult indicators are placed opposite one another,

the pivoted member4 whereby the cams F1 and F22 serve for all the arithmetical processes. The actual transfer of the units to the result indicators of next higher denominations is performed when the re istering devices C1 are in the blank spacesgB of the actuators. The shaft -B2 is fastened to actuator c and rotates with it, so thzitthe projection F1 of the `cam F21, which is positively driven by means of the engaging gears F2 from the shaft B1, is adapted to engage the finger F29 carried by the transfer bar F1, thereby moving the transfer bar F1' to the right land the otheil transfer bar F2 to the left against the action of the springs F1. In this way, the transfers are made as soon as the registering devices comeinto the blank spaces 'of the actuators and just before each rotation is Completed. In a similar `'way the actuator F of the middle group is fastened on the corresponding shaft B2 and actuator' a is fastened to its shaft B1, while 'the corresponding projections F2 and wfingers F2 engage when the registering devices are in the blank spaces of the respective actuators to again lnove the transfer bar F1 to the right and F 1 to the left just before the end of each rotation 'of the corresponding group of actuators, so that the transfer is made when the registering devicesare in their blank spaces and when any operating handle is turned. Near the end of the movement of the transfer bars' and just after all `thc 'units have been transferred, the levers F12 which were set for actuation are cleared as a result of the engagement of projections F11 and the fixed pins F12, or as a result of the engagement of the projection F33 with the shafts C3. The springs F1 then .force the pivoted members F25 in to normal position. By this time the projection F26 and the engaging finger F29 comeout of engagement andthe springs F1 'are allowed to pull the transfer bars F1 and' F2 back into normal position ready for a subsequent transfer operation, and cause the pivoted member F25 to force the levers F1B into their depressed position. The spring F35 forces the projections Fe of levers F7 into their normally raised position as soon as the nose projections F have passed out of engagement therewith. It will be yobserved that the movements of the parts are very small so that the entire transfer operation may be extremely rapid. Whenever desired, such as 'after setting up adividend in division `or a minuend in subtraction, the bars F11 with projection F 18 may b e pulled out by theiha'ndle F31 to clear all the transfer mechanism which may have been actuated during the setting up operation. The springs FJ then pull the levers F31 back into normal position after the handle F11 is released. The result indicators arejset up in division and subtraction by means of buttons E1 fastened in the shafts C.

Any other suitable form of transfer mechanism may be used. F or example, the units may be transferred by 4mechanism which has no delayed action; or the feature of successive transfer may be omitted; or transfer operations may await more than one digital actuation of the registering devices; or means not associated with the operating mechanism may beused to move the transfer bars.

The clearing mechanism will now be described. The multiplier indicators D1 and the result indicators E may becleared 4at the same time, or the multiplier indicators ma)v he cleared and the result indicators left in the position to which they were actuated, as is desirable in totalizing a series of products, or in addition, or in successive subtractions. For simultaneously clearing both sets of indicators, the button H is set to the position shown in Fig. 1, whereby the clutch members H11 and H14v are in engagement. The handle H1 is then pulled to the left in Fig. 1, thereby moving theelearinfg member H3 against the action ofthe Isfpring H1. Duringthe first part 'of'this movement, the beveled surfaces H5 force the clutch members H7 out of engagement with the respective clutch members H against the action of the springs H, so that the multiplier indicators D1 together with the mutilated gears H1 and the clutch members H, which are fastened thereto, are then loose on the shaft D1. The teeth H9 then comes into engagement with the mutilated gears H1" and return the multiplier indicators D1 to zero in the well known manner. The clutch member H11 is slidably mounted on the shaft H12 by means of a feather and groove connection H13,"while the co-acting engaging clutch member H1* is fastenedon the shaft I 15. When the button His in the position shown in Fig. 1, the clutch members are engaged and the shaft H12 is turned at the same time that the multiplier indicators are cleared by reason of the enga ement of the gear H15 with the rack teeth 1. The rack H1T is moved thereby to turn the mutilated gears H18 on the shaft C3, and all the result indicators E are reset to zero in the well known manner. Upon release of the handle H the clearing member H3 and the rack H17 are returned to normal position by the springs H and H1, whereupon the springs H force the clutch members Hs into engagement with the corresponding members H1, and thereby operatively connect the multiplier indicators with their shafts so as to be rotated thereby when the operating handles are again turned. By pulling the lever H to the other end of slot H2 in Fig. 1, the clutch members H11 and I 11 are lia .1, whereupon each factor disengaged by the forked member H21 engaging thecollar H21.` The multiplier indicators D1 are then cleared alone, while the result indicators E are retained in the position to which they were previously actuated. When desired, the result indicators may be cleared alone by pulling out the handle H?3 which is fastened to the `clearing rack H". The registering devices C2 are kept in the positions to which they were set. Obviously it is unnecessary to reset the actuators.

In performing multiplication or addition, the button E is setto indicate M and A as shown in Fig. 1. In this position the aper tures E4 in the"slide E3 register' with the apertures A* in the cover, so that the line E1 of digits on the result indicators are exposed to view, while the apertures E in the slide over theline E2 of digits are covered by the cover A1. When the button E is set to D and S, the apertures E"s in the slide E follows: The indicators are cleared, and the register with the apertures Ai-in the cover so thatt-he line E2 of digits is-exposedf'to view, while-the apertures Et-in theslide over the line E1 of digits are closed by the cover of the machine. In this way,"the

-proper line of digits on the result indicators are-exposed to viewfor all of the arithmetical4 processes.

The method of operating the machine for the diferentarithmetical processes will now be described. In multiplication, the `multiplicand digits are first set up by means of buttons C, and then the operating handles D are turned until the multiplier indicators Dl show the proper digits. The digits in either of the two factors may obviously be setup in any order, the onlyessential condition being that the digits must appear in proper sequence to form the respective factors. However, it is preferable to set thedigits of lowest denomination on the members of lowest denomination, so that the product digit of lowest denomination appears on the result Vindicator at the extreme right. In the example shown in Fig. 15, the multiplicand buttons C are set so that the digits 3, 7, 6 and `9 are exposed to view, as shown in Fig. is set up three times, as indicated in Fig. 15. The multiplier handles D1 are then turned successively `to set up the digits 8, 7 and 6, whereupon the product 3, 301, 644 will appear through the apertures A4 as soon as the multiplier is completely set up, as shown in Fig. 1. In setting up the multiplier digit 8 the digits of the multiplicand factor 3769 are simultaneously multiplied on actuators a, b, c and d, and the separate products 24, 56, 48 and 72 are added in proper denominational relation on the adding mechanism. The digits of the multiplicand factor are again simultaneously multiplied by the second multiplier digit 7 on the actuators e, f, g and h,

products, the button H -multiplicand buttons whereupon the separate products are added to the others in proper denominational relation. The digits of the multiplicand factor are again simultaneously multiplied by the multiplier digit 6 on the actuators z', j, 7c, and m, and the partial products are added to the others in proper denominational relation as before. `If it is desired to totalize successive is moved lso that the clutch members H11 and H1* The lirst f problem is then then the `clearing lever H1 is operatedto clear the 'multiplier indicators alone. The next problem is then performed and the product of the two factors of that problem are added to the result of the last problem. Other problems within the limit of the machine may be .performed inv succession, and the result indicators E will show at all times the sum of all the products obtained.

`The method of performing addition is as performed and multiplicand buttons C are set in accordance with the first number. The proper operatinghandle is then turned until the digit l appears on the multiplier indicator. The number set-up `by the multiplicand buttons will thereupon be transferred to the result indicators. The next number to be added tothe first one,

and the proper operating handle is again turned one digit, whereupon the sum of the two numbers will appear on the result indicators. Any other numbers within the capacity of the machine may be added in a similiar way. It is to be noted that -it is not essential to return the multiplier indicators to their zero position after each operation, although they may be so returned if desired by moving the button H to disengage the clutchmembers H11 and Hl. It is also to be noted that the numbers to be added must be set up on the proper multiplicand buttons and that theV proper operating handle must be turned, so that the numbers will be transferred to the result indicators in.4 their proper denominational relation.

The method of performing division is as follows: The machine is cleared and the slide Es is moved to indicate division, whereupon the digits 9 on the line 4E2 of the result indicators will be exposed to view. The result indicatorsarc set to represent the quotient by means of the buttons E7, it being preferable to set up the digit of highest denomination on the result indicator of second highest denomination, so that when any quotient digit is carried too far the indicator of highest denomination will pass from zero to nine and the bell will ring to indicate the error to the operator. In setting up the dividend, it may happen that the transfer mechanism may be set to are disengaged.

is then set up by the Lto an actuating position. Tt then becomes necesszir to clear the transfer mechanism *before t e machine is operated by ulling `out 'the handle Y. The divisor is vtieirset up by means of 'the multi licand buttons C in such manner that thedigit ofthe highest denomination 'is set up by the button of 'highest denomination when the digit of a Vquotient of 'highest denomination is set up on 'result indicator Iof second highest denomination. The' operating handle D of highet 4iflenomination 'is lthen turned in a clockwise direction unt'il thefdiyisor becomes 'greater than the same num'ber of significant' 4figures at the le'ft 'of the remainder. The remaining operating handles are then 'operated in the same manner until 't'he entire'q'uotient 'is-obtained, I'f the 'dividend is not exactly divided, the remainder will be shown 'on the result indicators, While the -di-vi'sor 'is A still shown 'on the multiplieandlindicators 'and the `quotient fon lthe multi lier indicators Iff (lesined, the Vr-emain er may be set up Lagi-1in `and fmore fdigtslof the lquotient ascertained `in the same Way- As Ian example, Fig. -16 shows the Iresult-1in*steps by dividin `3, 301, 644 by 87691'gvn'gfaquotientfoto 6 and no yremainder. Ift iwill be observed 1in ithis eX- empl'e -tht when the Ifirst 'quotient digit l8 is 'obtained the divisor lhasvjust `become gifeuterthan the 'irstffour significant `digits of the l1hr-et Iremander. Themex't operating `iiandleis then'turned to7,`when the-divisor just 4liecomes =grei1ter Ithan the first four digits-ofthe second remainder. And when Ethe'operatingliandle of the lowestdenomi- -iuitions turnedto thedigit ythcfremainder 'becomes-0, showing that the quotient is ex- The operation of subtraction is performedi as follows: The button LH is moved "to indice/te 14siihtraction, whereupon the `digits!) on `the line Ez ofthe result indicators Eare =exposed to View The minuend 'is then se't 'up ion the vresult `indicators by meanslofthe buttonsE, andthe handle F39 is pulled out to clear the transfer .mechanism. The subtrahend is then -setup by means ofthe' buttons C in -such r relation that "the twonumber's are in proper denomina- 'tionalrelation The :proper operating .han- 'llle 'is ithen turned in In I clockwise i direction untilthedfi'git f1 appears on thecorresponding multiplier indicator'. The difference of 'the two numbers -wll 'then be sliown'on re- Tsult indicators. @their 'numbers may then "besubtracted 'from 'the i remainder in a Vsimilar way. a

I'Iaviiig-tiius described my invention, vwhat il"claim:is':

1. -ln a calculating machine 'for mechanircallyiuttaritning-an indication `of the product 'of Aenytwofaotois'of one or-more digits up to the number provided for, a nonindenting'addingmechunism comprisin a pluralfity olf result iudicatorsof successive denominations, means vfor selecting a series 0f result 'indicators in accordance with the `denomination of -each digit of lthe multiplier factor, and mechanism for advancing each series of result indicators in accordance Vwith the product of the multiplionnd 'factor and the miltiplier digit corresponding to that series; substantially as described 2. Ifn acaloulatin'g-machne for'mechanically attainingan indication of the `product of any two factors -of one or moizedigit/s'up to the `nuiriber 'provided Ifor, nonindenting adding meohanismcompiiising-a .pluralityiof result indicators of successive ldenominations, means for selecting a seriesf'of result indicators in accordance lWith'the denomination-of eachl digit of the multiplier factor, and mechanism for :advancing at will any series of result indicators iniaccordanoe with the'resulto themultipl'icand :factor and the lmultiplier digit corres-pondin ito `that -series; suhstantiallyns describe 3. IIn a cdlculating machine lfor imechani-4 Vcally attaining an indication of the roduct of any two ifactors of oneor more digits up to the number provided for, a nonindenting adding mechanism comprising a plurality of result indieatoiis'of successive denominations, actuating means, a plurality of 'registering devices: adaptedlto lbe actuated Vby lthe actuating means, settin means for relatively 'positioning the actuating means and registering deyices inmccordancewith the digits of the multiplicend factor, means for operatively connecting'the registering deviceswith `a series of result indicators in accordance with the denomination ofy each digit of the multiplier factor,and driving mechanism foractuating the registering devices to -advance each Vseriesfof 'result indicators in accordance Vwith the `product'of the multiplicand factor and the multiplier digit corresponding to that series; substantially as described.

4. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication of the product of any two factors of one or more digits up ,to the number provided ffor, a nonindenting adding lmechanism comprising a .rpliinality -iof result indicators of successive denominations, means forselectin :in accordance with the denominationt of eac digit ofthe multi- 1 lier factor-a series ofresult indica-tors" equal innumber to the number of digits in lthe multiplicaiid factor, and-mechanism yfor advancing each i-product indicator-of escluseries in accordance with the result of one multiplicand digit and the mul-ti lier d' it corresponding to Ythat series; su stantia ly as described 5. In a calculating machine for mechani- --clly a-ttainingan indicationof the product of any two factors of one or moredigits up to the numberprovided for, a nonindenting adding mechanism comprising a plurality of result indicators of successive denominations, a plurality of non-indentingA registering devices, means for operatively connecting the registering devices and result indicators, means for selectinga series of result indicators in accordance with the denomination of each digit of the multiplier factor, and mechanism for actuating the registering devices to advance the product indicators 0f each series in accordance with the product of the multiplicand factor and the multiplier digit corresponding to that series; substantially as described.

G. InV a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, and a multiplying mecha.-l nism having registering devices permanently connected to the indicators in indentedrelation thereto.

7. In a calculatingmachine, lan adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, actuators arranged in fixed indented relation to the indicators, and registering devices actuated by-tlie actuators and operatively-connected to theindicators.

8. Ina calculating machine,yan adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, a plurality 0f registering devices operatively connected to the indicators in fixed indented relation thereto, actuators for actuating the registering devices, and means -for operating the actuators.

9. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having indicators of successivedenominations, and a multiplyingA mechanism permanently connected to the indicators and adapted to register `the partial results in proper denominational relation to indicate thereon the product of any two factors of two or more digits up to the number provided for.

10. A calculating machine comprising an adding mechanism, and a. multiplying mechanism permanently connected in propendenominational relation to the adding mechanism, said multiplying mechanism` having' means for registering the products of the separate digits of any tivo factors Within the capacity of the machine, and means for successively operating those parts of the multiplying mechanism which register on the saine part of the adding mechanism; substantially as described.

l1. A calculating machine comprising an adding mechanism, and a multiplying mechanism permanently connected in roper denominational relation to the adding mechanism, said multiplying mechanism having means for setting up each digit of one factor to be multiplied as many times as there are digits in the limiting multiplier of the machine, and means for multiplying each of the digits set up by each digit of the other factor to be multiplied; substantially as described.

12. A calculating machine comprising actuators equal in number to the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, registering devices adapted to be actuated by actuators, result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections from registering devices vto result indicators, and means for effecting actuation of the registerin devices in accord ance with the products o the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together.

13. A calculating machine comprising actuators arranged in a .number of rows equal to the number of digits in 4one of the limiting factors of Athe ymachine,V wherein .each row comprises a number of actuators equal to the number of digits in the other limiting factoro the machine; registering devices adapted to `'be actuated by actuators; result indicators having transfer mechanism; transmitting connections from registering devices yto resultindicators; and means for effectingY actuation of the registering devices inaccordance with the products of the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together.

14. A\calculating `machine comprising actuators arranged in a number of groups equal to the number of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine, wherein each group contains a number of actuators equal to the number of digits in the other limiting factorA of the machine; a registering device for-each actuator; means for predetermining the subsequent digital actuation of` a registering device in each group in accordance with one digit of a factor to be multiplied ;aand-=operating members for effecting actuation of each group of registering devices in accordance with one digit of the other factor to be multiplied.

15. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of actuators,..registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby, result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections from registering devices toresult indicators, means for predetermining the subsequent digital actuation of the registering devices in accordance with the digitstof one factor to be multiplied, and operating members for successively operating those actuators which effect actuation of the saine result indicator.

16. A calculating machine comprising a from registering devices toV result indicators; and a number of operating members equal to the number of digits in the limiting multiplier; each operating member being adapted to operate, in accordance with a digit of the other factor to be multiplied, a number of actuators equal to the number of digits in the limiting multiplicand.

17'. 4A calculating machine comprising a plurality of actuators, registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby, result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections permanently connecting registering devices and result indicators, and means for effecting actuation of the registering devices in accordance withV the products of the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together. 0

18. A calculating machine comprising a pluralit of actuators, a number of registering evices adapted to be actuated thereby equal to the product of the number of the digits in the limiting factors of the machine, result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections from registering devices to r'esult indicators, and means for effecting actuation of the registering devices in accordance with the products of the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together.

19. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of actuators; a number of registering devices adapted to beactuated thereby equal to the product of the number of digitsin the limiting factors of the machine; a number of result indicators equal to one less than the sum of the digits in the limiting factors of the machine; transmitting connections from registering devices to result indicators, whereby several registering devices may be connected to the same result indicator; and means for effecting' actuation of the registeringdevices in accordance with the products of the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together.

20. A calculating machine comprising a plurality of actuators; registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby; result indicaters having transfer mechanism; transmitting connections from registering devices to result indicators; means or predetermining the subsequent digital actuation of the registering devices in accordance with the digits of one factor to be' multiplied; operating members for operating the actuators in accordance with the digits of the other factor to be multiplied; and multiplier indicators operatively connected with the operating members; one set of said indicators having two series of reversely arranged digits, wherein one of saidl series is adapted for multiplication and the other of said series is adapted for divisiona- 21. fn a" calculating machine, aplurality of actuators arranged in rows and lines,

registering devices adapted to be actuated by actuators, result indicators having transfer mechanism, transmitting connections from registering devices to result indicators, means for predetermining the subsequent digital actuation of the re istering devices in accordance with the digits of one factor tu be multiplied, and operating members adapted to operate adjacent actuators in cach row in opposite directions in accordance with one digit of the other factor to be multiplied in such manner that the actuators of the same line are operated in the same direction;

22. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators; registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby; result indicators; transmitting connections" from registering devices to result indicators; means for effecting actuation of the registering devices in accordance with the products of the separate digits of the factors to be multiplied together; and transfer mechanism for the result indicators adapted to transfer units to higher denominations, and to be set for successive transfers before a unit is transferred.

23. A calculating machine comprising actuators bearing stepped teeth, and being equal in number tothe product o'f the number of digits in the limiting multiplicand and multiplier; a registering device for each actuator adapted to be actuated by the teeth thereon; carriages for moving into predetermined line, in accordance with one digit of a factor t0 be multiplied, a number of registering devices equal to the number of digits in said multiplier; result indicators having trans-fer mechanism; transmitting connections permanently connecting registering devices and: result indicators; and operating members for operating ay number of actuators at a time, in accordance with one digit of the other factor to be multiplied, equal to the number of digits in said multiplicand.

24. In a calculating-machine, an adding mechanism, an'd a number of actuators for effecting actuation of said mechanism equal to the product of the number of digits in the limiting? factors of the machine.

25. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, and actuators for effecting actuation of the adding mechanism, said actuators being arranged in a number of rows equal to the number of digits in one of the limiting factors ofth'e machine.

26. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, and actuators for effecting actuation of the addin mechanism, said actuators being arrang in a number of rowsI equal' tothe number of digits in one of the limiting factors of the machine wherein each row contains'a number of actuators equal to the number of digits'i'n the other limiting factor of the machine.

27. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, and actuators for ei'ecting actuation of the adding mechanism in proper denominational relation, said actuators being arranged in a number of indented rows equal to the number of digits in `one of the limiting factors of the machine.

28. In 'a calculating machine, an actuator having engaging points arranged in lines containing different numbers thereof and also having arresting means, a registering device shiftable 'to any of said lines and adapted to engage said engaging'points to be actuated thereby, and means carried by the registering device and; adapted to cooperate with said arresting means to prevent overthrow of the registering device just after said actuation. i

29. In a calculating machine, a reversiblyrotatable actuator having engaging points arranged in lines containing different numbers thereof and also having arresting means, a registering device shiftable to any .of said lines and adapted to engage said engaging points to be actuated thereby in either direction, and means carried by the registering device and adapted to coperate with said arresting means to prevent overthrow of the registering device .just after said actuation in either direction of rotation.

30. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, an actuator having engaging points arranged in lines containing different numbers thereof and also having arresting means, a rotatable registering device connected to the adding mechanism and shiftable to any of said lines to engage said engaging points, and means carried by the registering device and adapted to coperate with said arresting means to prevent the overthrow of the registering device just after disengagement with the engaging points, the arrangement being such that the registering device isfree to rotate during the transfer operation of the adding mechanism.

31. In a calculating machine, an actuator bearing different numbers of circumferen- 'tially disposed teeth at different lines along its axis; a registering device adapted to be actuated by any line of said teeth; and coacting means carried by the actuater and the registering device for stopping the rotation of 'the registering device when out of engagement with said teeth; said means comprising a scalloped member carried by the registering device, and circumferentially arranged projections on the actuator extending from the end teeth of each line and adapted to engage the scalloped portions.

32. In a calculating machinelan actuator bearing different numbers of 'circumferenially disposed teeth at different lines along its axis, a registering device adapted to be actuated by any line of said teeth, cofacting means carried by the actuator and the registering device for stopping the rotation of the registering device when out of engagement with said teeth, and an axially disposed blank space wherein the registering device may be turned. i

33. In a calculating machine, an 'adding mechanism, a rotatable actuator for effecting actuation of the adding mechanism, an operating member for rotating the actuator, and co-acting means between the operating member and the actuator for preventing the rotation of the actuator during a limited movement of the operating member.

34. In a calculating machine, .an adding mechanism, a rotatable actuator for effecting actuation oftheadding mechanism, an operating member for rotating the actuator through a limited angle, and co-acting means between the operating member and theactuator for stopping the rotation of the actuator after it has been rotated through that angle.

35.- In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, a rotatable actuator for eii'ecting actuation of the adding mechanism, an operating member for rotating the actuator through a limited angle, and co-acting means between the operating member and the actuator for stopping the movement of the actuator after it has been 'turned through that angle; said means comprising a continuous gear on the actuator, an intermittent gear on the operating member, and locking cams between the actuator and the operating member adapted to engage when said gears are out of engagement.

36. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, a plurality of actuators, and a plurality of registering devices actuated by the actuators and permanently connected to the indicators in such manner as to register the partial results in `proper denominational relation to indicate Vthereon the product of any two factors of two ormore digits up to the number provided for.

37. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, and a number of registering devices connected thereto equal to the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine.

38. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, and a number of registering devices permanently connected thereto in proper denominational relation, said number being equal to the product ofthe number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine.

39. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism, a number of registering devices connected thereto equal to the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, and a plurality of actuators adapted to actuate the registering devices.

40. In a calculating machine, an adding IMU:

mechanism,I` a numberm of actuators lequal :to the productof'thelnumber of :digits in lthe limitingffactors of the machine,and=airegis tering device iforscach Iactuator permanently connected to the -adding .mechanism in proper denominational|1etation.

41. Inia calculating machine, -a number of registering devices equal to the product of the number'of'digitsin the limiting fac- .tors ofrlthemachinc; -a plurality of actuators adapted to :actuate 4the -registering devices; and means ffor `predetermini ;or each digit of ai number Ito=be multipliedptheisubsequent digital aactuation-o'f a numbenof registering.devices equal :to lthe number of digits in'onefof said factors.

42; In .zi-calculating machine, a number of actuatorsequal to the `product of athe 'number'of ldigits in -the Alimiting factors :of -the machine; a registering device for each-acti ator adapted to be -actuated tthereby; and means .tfor predetermining, foreach digit of a -number to ibe xmultiplied, the subsequent digital actuation oa'number of lregistering devices equal Ito lthe `number of igits in one Iof .said ifactors.

43. Ina calculating machine, =a number of actuators equal Ito the number of digits lin one o'f the limiting :factors `of the machine, a iplurnlity l-o'f registering devices :adapted to `be Vactuated thereby, and means-for Ipredetermining the digital actuation :of 'each of said 4registering devices in 'accordance with a vvsinglefone.of-'theldigitsof a number to be\muflt1plied.

44. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal tozthe number of digits inoneof the limiting factors of the machine, a registering device foreach actuator adapted to be actuated thereby, and means or predetermining the digital actuation of each of said registeringdevices'in accordance with a rsingle one of thedigits of a number to Vbe multiplied.

45. In a calculating machine,'a plurality of actuators, 'a number -of carriages equal to -thenumber4 of digits in one ofthe limiting lfactors of the lmachine, `and-a plurality of registering devices in each carriage adapted to be collectively moved into predetermined lines with said actuators in accordance with a digit 'to be set up.

46. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, a number of carriages equal to thenumber-of digits in one-of the limiting factors of the machine, a Vnumber `of registering devices in each carriage equal `to the number of digits in the other limiting factor ofthe machine, and means for moving carriages into predetermined Alines. with actuators in accordance with the digits of a number to be set up. l

47. 'In a calculating machine, a lnuniber of actuators #equal lto the Fnumber oit Ydigits in one of the limiting `factor-s of Ithe ma lvices permanently connected thereto meetbare @chinefaicarriagefa registering deviceV in said carriage 'for each of said actuators, .and means iormoving said carriage in accordance with ad' it tobe set'up.

48. aIn a caculating machine, a number of actuatons iequal to the 1 product of the number of digits inthe limiting multiplicandand multiplier; a numberof carriages equalxto thelnumber o'fdigits insaid-multiiplicand;registering devices in each carriage Aadapted lto be actuated by Irespective actulaters, and fbeing equal .in :number Ato the .numberofdigits in 4-said multiplier; and meansffor moving \each carriage in'accord ance -fwithafdigit Vof a number toibe setup.

- 49. In :a -oalculating machine, `an adding Amechanism, alnumbenof iregistering devices connected thereto equal to the.;product of a number 'ofdigits inithelimiting .factors of the rmaohinc, :and lmeans for :effecting actuationotitheixegistering devices fin :accordance 'avithitlie products of 4theseparate digits of the factor-sto bemultiplied together.

50. :In -a calculating machine, an 'adding mechanism, =a 'plurality of registering `de- 1n .proper denominational relation,-and vmeans for .effecting facture-tion of .the -registering devices izraccordance Withetheproducts -of :the separate digits of the ifiactors to `be imulti plied together.

:51. :In :a calculatingmachine, registering devices arranged inaa number of :groups equalito the number of digits in one ofithe 1limiting factors of -the imachine, wherein each group contains-a lnumberof vregistering devieesequal tmth-efnumber of digits in the other ,limiting :factors of 4the machine; and means fordii'ecting'actuation of-eachof said groups of registering devices.

'52. iIn :alcalculating machine, an adding mechanism; 'registering devices permanently connected thereto in proper denominational relatiomand arranged in a number of-grou s 'equalto the number of digits in one of t e limiting Vfactors of the machine, wherein eachigroup contains a-numberof registering devices equal to the number of digits inthe other limiting lfactor of the machine; and means for elfectingactuation of each of said groups in accordance with the products of the separate digits ofone factor to be mul tiplied and one digit of the other factor to be multiplied.

53. In acalculating machine, a plurality of actuators, a number of rregistering devices adapted 4to Vbe actuated thereby equal to :the `roduct-ofxthe number of digits in the limiting factors=of the machine, and a number of operating members equal to the number of digits in one of said factors; each of said members being ladapted to effect actuation of a number of registering devices equal to the znumber of digits in `the other uf said factors i 54. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine, registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby, and a number of operating members equal to the number of digits in one of said factors; each member being adapted to operate a number of actuators equal to the number of digits in the other of said factors. Y

55. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the number of digits in one of thelimiting factors of the machine, a registering device for each actuator adapted to be'actuated thereby in accordance with a digit of one factor to be multiplied, and an operating member for each actuator adapted tooperate the actuator in accordance with a single one of the digits of the other factor to be multiplied.

56. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having a plurality of result indicators, a greater plurality of registering devices operatively connected to the result indicators, and means for effecting successive actuation of those registering devices which are connected to the same result indicator.

5,7. In a calculating machine, a number of result indicators equal to one less than the sum ofthe digits in the limiting factors of the machine; a number .of registering devices permanently connected to said result indicators, and equal to the product of the number of digits in said factors; and means for effecting successive actuation of those registering devices which are connected to the same result indicator.

58. In a calculating machine, a result indicator, an actuator, a registering device adapted to be actuated by the actuator, and a transmitting connection permanently connecting the registering device with the result indicator.

59. In a calculating machine, a result indicator, an actuator, va registering device adapted to be actuated by the actuator, means for-predetermining the digital actuation of the registering device in accordance with a digit to be multiplied, and a transmitting connection permanently connecting the registering device with the result indicator.

' 60. In a calculating machine, a result indicator, a plurality yof actuators, a plurality of registering devices adapted to be actuated by actuators, means for predetermining the digital actuation of the registering devices in accordance with the digits of one factor to be multiplied. and transmitting connections operatively connecting several of the registering devices to the same result indicater.

61. In a calculating machine, a number of actuators equal to the product of the number of digits in the limiting factors of the machine; a plurality of registering devices adapted to be actuated thereby; and a number of operating members equal to the number of digits in one of said factors; each member having means for simultaneously operating through like extents, a number of actuators equal to the number of digits in the other of said factors.

62. In a calculating machine, a plurality of actuators, a registering device for each actuator, an operating member provided with an indicator for indicating the digital movement thereof, and a positive connection between said member and said actuator for rotating each actuator through one rotation for each fractional part of a rotation of the operating member.

63. In a calculating machine, an adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, a plurality of linearly arranged actuators, positive connections arranged to rotate adjacent actuators in opposite directions, a registeringr device for each actuator' connected to the adding mechanism, and an operating member positively connected to one of said actuators, whereby adjacent indicators are actuated in opposite directions by the operation of the operating member.

64. In a calculating machine, an operating member, an actuator adapted to be rotated by the operating member, a multiplier indicator operatively connected to the operating member to indicate the number of digital actuations of said actuator, and means for disconnecting the multiplier indicator from the operating member for the purpose of clearing.

65. In a calculating machine, an operating member, an actuator adapted to be rotated by the operating member, a multiplier indicator operatively connected to the operating member to indicate the number of digital actuations of said actuator, and means for first disconnecting the multiplier indicator from the operating member and then clearing it.

66. In a calculating machine, an actuator', a registering device adapted to be actuated thereby, and an operating member for effecting actuation of the registering device; said member comprising a rotatable shaft, an indicator detachably connected to saidshaft, whereby the indicator may be turned by said shaft and may be disconnected so as to be turned independently thereof for the purpose of clearing.

67.4 In a calculating machine, an actuator, a registering device adapted to be actuated thereby, and an operating member for effecting actuation of the registering device; said member comprising a rotatable shaft, an indicator, a clutch member operatively connected to the indicator, anda co-acting clutch Imember ioperatively iconnected to :the shaft` 68. I=n a calculating machine, a yplurality of result indicators, a plurality of yoperating members for eiiec-ting actuation of said result indicators, multiplier indicators adapted to be operated by said members, means for clearing the result indicators, moans -for clearing the multiplier indicators, and a detachable connection between said means whereby all of said indicators may jbe lcollectively cleared or whereby said multiplier indicators may Ibo cleared alone.

69. In a calculating pmachine, a plurality of 'result indicators, fmeans 'for actuating said indicators, and transfer mechanism for said indicators adapted to transfer' units and also adapted to be set ifor successive transfers before a unit is transferred.

70. In -a calculating machine, a plurality of result indicators, means for actuating said indicators, transfer mechanism for said indicators `adapted to transfer units and also adapted to lbe set for successive transfers 'before a unit is transferred, and means for 'transferring all the units simultaneously. A

71. In a calculating machine, a plurality o'f result indicators, means 'for setting up a number of said indicators, transfer fmechanism adapted =to be set for ltransferring units iin 'setting iup the number, and imeans for cleaning the transfer mechanism aft will.

72. In a calculating machine, a non-indenting adding mechanism comprising indicators of successive denominations, a nonindentin'g 1multiplying mechanism coperative with the adding mechanism, and means for registering the actuation of the `multiplying lmechanism on the series of indicators that corresponds Ito the `denomination of the multiplier digit.

73. in a calculating machine, a non-inlentin'g adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, and a multiplying mechanism havingfa plurality of indented series .of registering devices coperative with the indicators, the number of said seriesbeing equal to lthe number of multiplier digits provided for.

74. In a calculating machine, a non-indenting adding mechanism having indicators of successive denominations, a multiplying mechanism having a plurality of indented series 'of registering devices, the number of said series 'being 'equal 'to the number of the multiplier digits provided for, and operative connections permanently connecting all the registering devices of the same -denomination to the indicator of that denomination.

75. In a calculating machine for mechanically attaining an indication of the lproduct of any two factors of one or more digits up to the number provided for, a nonindenting adding mechanismcomprising fa plurality of -resulit indicators of successive denominations, u lplurality of non-indenting register- Iing devices, Ameans for operatively connecting the registering devices and result ind-icaters, means for selecting in Aaccordance with the denomina-tion of each `digit of the multiplier factor a seriesof result indicators comprising a number 'thereof equal to the number of digits in the 4multiplicand factor, and drivin mechanism for actuating ythe registering evices to advance the individual result indlcatorsof each series in accordance with the product of one multiplicand digit and the multiplier digit correspond-ing to that series; substantially vas described.

76. In a calculating lmachine for mechanically attaining -an indication ofthe product of any 'two factors of one or more digits up to the number provided for, a nonindenliing adding mechanism comprising a plurality of result indicators of successive denominations, actuating means, a plurality of nonindenting registering devices adapted -to 'be actuated by the Aactuating means, setting means for relatively positioning the actuating means'and re istering devices in accordance with the digits of the multiplicand vfactor, Atransmitting devices extending to individual result indicators and arranged in connective relation with the actuating means through the register-ing ydevices, means for selecting a series yof `transmitting devices in accordance with the denomination of each digit off 'the multiplier factor, and ydriving mechanism for .actuating the 'transmitting devices of each series "to advance 'the respective result indicators in accordance With the result of the multiplicand factor and the multiplier `digit corresponding to that series; substantially as described.

77. In a-calculatin machine for mechanically attaining an in ication of the product of any two factors of one or more digits up to the number provided lffor, a nonindenting adding mechanism comprising-a plurality o'f result lindicators of successive denominations, actuating means, a plurality of ynonindenting registering devices adapted -to be actuated 'by the actuating means, setting means for relatively positioning the actuating means and lregistering devices in accordance with the digits of the multiplicand factor, transmitting connections permanently connecting the registering devices and result indicators, means for selecting a series of registering devices in accordance with the denomination vof each digit of the multiplier factor, and driving mechanism for actuating each series of registering devices to advance the connected result indicators in accordance with the product of Ithe multiplicand factor and the multiplier digit corresponding to that series; substantially as 'described. 

